![]() ![]() These targets also reduced low-frequency activity in this network, an established marker of successful memory encoding. Memory improvement was largest for targets near white matter that also showed high functional connectivity to the brain’s memory network. We found that LTC stimulation specifically improved memory when delivered to targets near white matter pathways. ![]() Multivariate classifiers, trained to predict momentary lapses in memory function, triggered stimulation of the lateral temporal cortex (LTC) during the study phase of the task. We delivered closed-loop stimulation as 47 neurosurgical patients studied and recalled word lists. Here, we test the hypothesis that stimulation’s behavioral and physiological effects depend on the stimulation target’s anatomical and functional network properties. However, it remains unclear how to optimally target stimulation to modulate brain activity in particular brain networks that underlie particular cognitive functions. Closed-loop direct brain stimulation is a promising tool for modulating neural activity and behavior.
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